二战后马克思主义经济学面临的现实性挑战及其回应

时代的发展与变迁对马克思主义经济学提出了新的问题和挑战,对此中外马克思主义经济学者在理论上进行了大量的有价值的研究和探索。从科技革命的推动与资本主义的历史地位、市场经济体制的建立与社会主义的发展、西方经济思潮的冲击与马克思主义经济学主流地位的坚守四个方面,梳理了二战以来中外马克思主义经济学者的研究成果,发现马克思主义经济学的生命力与科学性正是源于在实践中的丰富和发展,因此,坚持马克思主义经济学在中国的指导地位,首先必须在新的时代条件下,与时俱进,创新和发展马克思主义经济学。     

科技文化软实力生成和发展的多维视角分析

提高国家软实力需要注重科技文化的建设。科技文化软实力的生成和发展表现为在历史、当今与未来三维视域互动中的有形资产(科学理论、科技成果等)向无形资产(科学精神、软实力等)转化,无形资产又推动有形资产发展的过程。提升科技文化软实力需要将科技的创新与传统科技文化进行融合,实现传统科技文化的转型,长远来看,需要增强科技文化传播影响力,提高国民科技文化素质,提升科技文化保障水平。     

从旅游学的研究角度看旅游高等教育

在高等教育改革的背景下 ,职业教育和专业教育的关系被进一步关注 ,而旅游行业本身的特点 ,对旅游高等教育提出了更多要求。本文着重从旅游学的研究角度 ,包括理论方面和研究现状 ,尤其是旅游学的基础理论、学科分支和学科成熟度等方面作了分析 ,提出对旅游学研究的把握是旅游高等教育安排中要深入考量的因素     

Indigenous Peoples,Resource Extraction and Sustainable Development: An Ethical Approach

Resource extraction companies worldwide are involved with Indigenous peoples. Historically these interactions have been antagonistic, yet there is a growing public expectation for improved ethical performance of resource industries to engage with Indigenous peoples. (Crawley and Sinclair, Journal of Business Ethics 45, 361–373 (2003)) proposed an ethical model for human resource practices with Indigenous peoples in Australian mining companies. This paper expands on this work by re-framing the discussion within the context of sustainable development, extending it to Canada, and generalizing to other resource industries. We argue that it is unethical to sacrifice the viability of Indigenous cultures for industrial resource extraction; it is ethical to engage with indigenous peoples in a manner consistent with their wishes and needs as they perceive them. We apply these ideas to a case study in the coastal temperate rainforest of Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia, Canada. In this case a scientific panel comprised of Nuu-Chah-Nulth elders, forest scientists and management professionals, achieved full consensus on developing sustainable forest practice standards by drawing equally on Indigenous traditional ecological knowledge and Western science in the context of one of the most heated and protracted environmental conflicts in Canadian history. The resulting sustainable forest practice standards were later adopted by leading forestry firms operating on the coast. Our analysis of this scientific panels success provides the basis for advancing an ethical approach to sustainable development with Indigenous peoples. This ethical approach is applicable to companies working in natural resource industries where the territories of Indigenous peoples are involved.David Lertzman Ph.D. is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development and Senior Associate with the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies at the Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary. He teaches courses on Sustainable Development With Indigenous Peoples at the Graduate and Undergraduate levels, and in the MSc Program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean. Dr. Lertzman also teaches a Wilderness Retreat on Leadership for Sustainable Development in the MBA program. He is a private consultant and has worked in many Indigenous communities, mostly in Western Canada.Harrie Vredenburg Ph.D. is Professor and Suncor Energy Chair in Competitive Strategy and Sustainable Development at the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary where he is also Director of the TransCanada International Institute for Resource Industries and Sustainability Studies. He teaches in Haskaynes MBA and PhD programs. He is also Academic Chair of the MSc program in Sustainable Energy Development for Latin America and the Caribbean offered by the Haskayne School of Business at the Quito Ecuador campus of regional partner, the Latin American Energy Organization (OLADE). He regularly teaches in the Latin American program.     

Agent-Based Facilitation of Water Allocation: Case Study in the Drome River Valley

The purpose of the 1992 French Water Act is to encourage negotiation and dialogue among local stakeholders within a framework which is very similar to a patrimonial approach. Potential use of models in such post-normal approaches is analyzed. Two kinds of models are compared: one is agent-based, the other follows a more classical approach. They are compared according to their contributions as negotiation support tools. This comparison is based on a specific collective decision process dealing with water allocation at the sub-basin scale, in which authors are involved. Both are used to support collective decision processes through simulation of resource use dynamics. Agent-Based Models entail the broadening of spatial information of actors in the process, revealing inter-connected topics not taken into consideration earlier. This makes it possible to remain relevant, despite the sometimes rapidly evolving stakes. The central point of this paper is the implementation, within a practical application, of theories advocating the use of ABM as a collective decision support system. This application promotes a better understanding of the kind of support ABM provides and the way it does so. This is brought about more by re-framing the discussion and modifying the representation of the system on the part of the stakeholders than by providing specific agreements.     

Industry changes in technology and complementary assets and the creation of high-growth firms

This study uses employment data to examine why some industries host more new high-growth firms than others. Using a unique data base of 201 industries over a 15-year period, we find that increases in the proportion of employment of scientists and engineers in industries are positively associated with counts of fast-growing new firms; however, we do not detect a relationship between fluctuations in the proportion of employment in sales and production occupations and counts of fast-growing new firms. The findings suggest that technological innovation is an important determinant of entrepreneurial opportunity. Further, they suggest that private new firms are an important means of organizing commercial innovation and that new firms may be less constrained by complementary assets than has been previously understood.     

体验经济视角下的海洋科技旅游与产品创新设计

海洋科技旅游是我国新兴的旅游产业,在当前体验经济的时代背景呈现出不同的特性。如何开发海洋科技旅游,进行产品创新设计,本文以体验经济理论为指导,提出了产品体验化设计的原则,并从主题提炼、故事编写、场景设计和体验气氛营造、活动策划和体验过程设计四个方面阐述了海洋科技旅游产品创新设计的方法。     

安徽科技资源配置效率评价及创新思路

科技资源及其布局是区域科技创新能力的基础.通过对安徽科技资源总量、结构及空间布局状况的分析,对科技资源配置效率进行评价,找出存在问题及原因,从有利于科技经济一体化发展、提高配置效率的角度提出整合思路.     

科学、技术进步与社会环境

科学、技术和社会是同一事物所表现的三个方面 ,它们之间有密切的联系。技术进步对社会所发生的推动作用必须要有一个适合的社会环境 ,即需要由公共部门的支持来获得。对中国而言 ,就是要借鉴市场经济发达国家的经验 ,通过“知识转化为技术和技术转化为产业”两个步骤来实现社会的进步     

科普产业空间集聚度及发展模式识别

在深入比较研究的基础上,选取区位商方法测度了我国科普产业中科普人员、科普场所、科普经费及科普媒介五个组成部分的集聚度,并分别以简单平均法和加权平均法测算了科普产业的综合集聚度。研究发现,我国科普产业及及其组成部分分布都极不均衡,投入产出效率非常低。据此分别从两个角度区将科普产业化模式进行了分类。从非均衡发展角度,有全面媒体发展战略模式、人才战略模式和平面媒体发展战略;从投入产出角度,有效率优先模式、均衡效率模式和规模优先模式。最后,建议我国应加强科普与旅游的结合,创新科普产业化的新模式。